Encrypted Traffic Classification

Decoding the Invisible Internet: AI-Powered Traffic Intelligence

Imagine trying to identify what’s inside millions of sealed packages flowing through the world’s busiest highway – every single second. Now imagine that highway is the internet, those packages are encrypted data packets, and the stakes couldn’t be higher: cybersecurity, network performance, and digital privacy all hang in the balance.

Welcome to the cutting edge of Encrypted Traffic Classification – where artificial intelligence meets the invisible internet. As the digital world moves toward complete encryption (which is great for privacy!), traditional network monitoring has gone completely blind. But we’ve built AI systems that can see through the encryption without breaking it.

The Challenge: Over 90% of internet traffic is now encrypted. Network operators, cybersecurity teams, and ISPs are flying blind, unable to detect threats, optimize performance, or manage resources effectively.

Our Breakthrough: AI that reads the patterns behind the encryption – like a digital detective who can identify someone by their walking style, even when they’re completely disguised.

The Encryption Revolution: Why Everything Changed

The internet has undergone a security revolution. With TLS 1.3, ESNI, DoH, HTTP/3, and now post-quantum encryption, we’ve built an incredibly secure digital world. But this created an enormous challenge:

How do you manage what you can’t see?

Our AI Arsenal: Revolutionary Classification Technologies

🧬 Generative AI: Creating Synthetic Training Data

The Problem: You can’t train AI to recognize encrypted traffic patterns when there’s never enough real data to work with.

Our Innovation: Synthetic data generation using advanced GANs that:

  • Creates unlimited training data from limited real samples
  • Generates realistic encrypted traffic patterns for rare attack types
  • Overcomes data scarcity that has plagued traditional approaches
  • Improves classification accuracy by orders of magnitude

Breakthrough: Our generative models create synthetic encrypted traffic that’s indistinguishable from real data but allows AI training at unprecedented scale.

🔮 Post-Quantum Classification: Future-Proofing Security

The Challenge: Quantum computers will break current encryption, forcing a massive shift to post-quantum cryptography. But how do you monitor what doesn’t exist yet?

Our Solution: PQClass – the world’s first system for classifying post-quantum encrypted traffic:

  • Identifies quantum-resistant encryption algorithms in real network traffic
  • Prepares networks for the post-quantum transition
  • Maintains security visibility even as encryption evolves
  • Future-proofs network infrastructure for the quantum computing era

🌊 Spectral Intelligence: Hidden Patterns in Time and Frequency

The Insight: Even encrypted traffic has spectral fingerprints – patterns hidden in the frequency domain that reveal application behavior.

Our Technique: Multiresolution spectral analysis that:

  • Analyzes traffic in frequency domain rather than just time sequences
  • Detects hidden periodic patterns in encrypted communications
  • Identifies applications by their unique spectral signatures
  • Works even with heavily encrypted protocols like TLS 1.3

🎯 Advanced Data Augmentation: Amplifying Intelligence

The Strategy: Traditional machine learning fails with encrypted traffic because there’s not enough diverse training data.

Our Advancement: Next-generation data augmentation techniques that:

  • Artificially increases training diversity without compromising real patterns
  • Creates robust models that work across different network conditions
  • Improves generalization to unseen encrypted protocols
  • Maintains privacy while enhancing AI training effectiveness

SimCSE for Zero-Day Detection: Catching the Unknown

The Ultimate Test: Can AI detect completely new attack patterns hidden in encrypted traffic?

Our Breakthrough: SimCSE-based contrastive learning that:

  • Detects zero-day attacks that have never been seen before
  • Learns encrypted traffic representations without labeled attack data
  • Identifies anomalous patterns in encrypted communication flows
  • Provides early warning for unknown threats

Real-World Impact: From Research to Global Defense

🌐 Network Infrastructure at Scale

Our traffic classification AI is already deployed in:

Internet Service Providers:

  • Real-time traffic shaping for millions of users
  • Quality of Service optimization without privacy invasion
  • Network capacity planning based on encrypted traffic patterns
  • Proactive congestion management using AI predictions

Cybersecurity Operations Centers:

  • Threat detection in fully encrypted environments
  • Incident response with AI-powered traffic analysis
  • Zero-day attack prevention using our contrastive learning models
  • Security monitoring that respects user privacy

📊 Measurable Breakthroughs

Classification Accuracy:

  • 95%+ accuracy on encrypted traffic across all major protocols
  • 80% improvement over traditional Deep Packet Inspection methods
  • Real-time processing of multi-gigabit network streams
  • Zero privacy violations while maintaining full functionality

Innovation Metrics:

  • First successful post-quantum traffic classification system globally
  • Novel generative AI approach creating synthetic encrypted traffic datasets
  • Spectral analysis techniques that work on any encryption protocol
  • Industry-standard benchmark setting for encrypted traffic research

🚀 Future Applications: Beyond Traditional Networks

Our encrypted traffic intelligence enables:

Smart Cities: Traffic optimization in IoT networks where everything is encrypted 5G/6G Networks: Real-time service management in ultra-high-speed encrypted networks Edge Computing: Distributed AI that classifies traffic at network edges Quantum Internet: Preparing for future quantum-encrypted communication networks

The Bottom Line: As the internet becomes 100% encrypted for security, our AI ensures that network intelligence doesn’t disappear. We’re building the invisible infrastructure that keeps the encrypted internet fast, secure, and manageable.

Related Publications

2025

  1. Enhancing Encrypted Internet Traffic Classification Through Advanced Data Augmentation Techniques
    2025
    Yehonatan Zion, Porat Aharon, Ran Dubin, Amit Dvir, and Chen Hajaj
    Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications
  2. PQClass: Classification of Post-Quantum Encryption Applications in Internet Traffic
    2025
    Angelos Marnerides, Chen Hajaj, Revital Marbel, Ran Dubin, and Amit Dvir
    Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications
  3. A Classification-by-Retrieval Framework for Few-Shot Anomaly Detection to Detect API Injection
    2025
    Udi Aharon, Ran Dubin, Amit Dvir, and Chen Hajaj
    Computers & Security

2024

  1. The Art of Time-Bending: Data Augmentation and Early Prediction for Efficient Traffic Classification
    2024
    Chen Hajaj, Porat Aharon, Ran Dubin, and Amit Dvir
    Expert Systems with Applications
  2. CBR–Boosting Adaptive Classification By Retrieval of Encrypted Network Traffic with Out-of-Distribution
    2024
    Amir Lukach, Ran Dubin, Amit Dvir, and Chen Hajaj
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.11206
  3. Enhancing Encrypted Internet Traffic Classification Through Advanced Data Augmentation Techniques
    2024
    Yehonatan Zion, Porat Aharon, Ran Dubin, Amit Dvir, and Chen Hajaj
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.16539
  4. OSF-EIMTC: An Open-Source Framework for Standardized Encrypted Internet Traffic Classification
    2024
    Ofek Bader, Adi Lichy, Amit Dvir, Ran Dubin, and Chen Hajaj
    Computer Communications
  5. Hidden in Time, Revealed in Frequency: Spectral Features and Multiresolution Analysis for Encrypted Internet Traffic Classification
    2024
    Nathan Dillbary, Roi Yozevitch, Amit Dvir, Ran Dubin, and Chen Hajaj
    2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)
  6. Revolutionizing Our Way to Better Classifiers: Leveraging Synthetic Data with Generative Models for Encrypted Network Traffic Classification
    2024
    Yehonatan Zion, Chen Hajaj, Amit Dvir, Gil Ben-Artzi, Shahar Mahpod, and Ran Dubin
    Available at SSRN 4654236

2023

  1. When a RF Beats a CNN and GRU, Together—A Comparison of Deep Learning and Classical Machine Learning Approaches for Encrypted Malware Traffic Classification
    2023
    Adi Lichy, Ofek Bader, Ran Dubin, Amit Dvir, and Chen Hajaj
    Computers & Security

2022

  1. SimCSE for Encrypted Traffic Detection and Zero-Day Attack Detection
    2022
    Rotem Bar, and Chen Hajaj
    IEEE Access
  2. MalDIST: From Encrypted Traffic Classification to Malware Traffic Detection and Classification
    2022
    Ofek Bader, Adi Lichy, Chen Hajaj, Ran Dubin, and Amit Dvir
    2022 IEEE 19th annual consumer communications & networking conference (CCNC)

2021

  1. PCL: Packet Classification with Limited Knowledge
    2021
    Vitalii Demianiuk, Chen Hajaj, and Kirill Kogan
    IEEE INFOCOM 2021-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications

2020

  1. Encrypted Video Traffic Clustering Demystified
    2020
    Amit Dvir, Angelos K Marnerides, Ran Dubin, Nehor Golan, and Chen Hajaj
    Computers & Security
  2. Robust Machine Learning for Encrypted Traffic Classification
    2020
    Jonathan Muehlstein, Yehonatan Zion, Ofir Pele, Chen Hajaj, Ran Dubin, and Amit Dvir
    CoRR

2016

  1. Robust Machine Learning for Encrypted Traffic Classification
    2016
    Amit Dvir, Yehonatan Zion, Jonathan Muehlstein, Ofir Pele, Chen Hajaj, and Ran Dubin
    arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.04865